The invention aims at providing a self-adaptive control process of hood-type furnace annealing, which is characterized in that the process comprises a step of on-line calculation of annealing process reappearance before starting, and a step of on-line calculation of annealing process predetermination after starting. In the first step, according to data collected and stored by a programmable logic controller (PLC), the specific reappearance of steel coil temperature field in annealing process is carried on, and a temperature field of on-line starting time calculation and series of marker signals set for the annealing step are achieved. In the second step, annealing process is predetermined according to the temperature field of on-line starting time calculation, and a new annealing technology system is achieved and conveyed to the programmable logic controller (PLC) to carry on the control of subsequent annealing process. The invention can carry on the self-adaptive control according to the facility structure and the facility characteristics and the like on the basis of modeling, and thereby the invention can further be extended and applied to nitrogen-hydrogen furnaces and total hydrogen furnaces.