The invention discloses a shield cutter head hydraulic control system with widened speed-adjusting range. A motor is rigidly connected with a constant voltage variable pump by a coupler, the oil outlet of the constant voltage variable pump is connected with the oil inlet of a main one-way valve, the oil outlet of the main one-way valve is respectively connected with the oil inlet of an energy accumulator, the oil inlet of an overflow valve, and four groups of motor/pump parts with the same structure. The hydraulic motor/pump is connected in a loop in parallel, and power is supplied by a constant voltage source consisting of the constant voltage variable pump and the energy accumulator. Independent control is applied to the hydraulic motor/pump, the delivery capacity and the working condition of each hydraulic motor/pump can be adjusted in real time according to different geological conditions so as to control the rotating speed and the torque of a cutter head. The invention adopts thehydraulic motor/pump as an executive element so as to realize the switch of the working condition of the motor and the pump, causes the system to realize the interchange of the working condition withhigh or low rotating speed under the condition that the delivery capacity of the hydraulic oil-supply pump is not changed by controlling the number of the executive elements working at different status simultaneously, thus widening the speed-adjusting range and enhancing the adaptability of the cutter head drive system to different geological conditions.