The invention discloses a method for analyzing the components of iron ore by using an X-ray fluorescence spectrum, which comprises before-analysis preparation (1) and analysis report submission (5), and the steps between the before-analysis preparation (1) and the analysis report submission (5) including molten sample manufacturing (2), detection by an internal standard method (3) and analysis by a calibration curve method (4), wherein in the before-analysis preparation (1) step, a working curve (16) is built; in the detection by an internal standard method (3) step, an internal standard line of a molten sample is measured; and in the analysis by a calibration curve method (4) step, the measurement results of the molten sample are obtained. The method completes the measurement of all elements in the iron ore by melting once, is high in measurement accuracy, simplifies process and time for measurement, reduces cost of the analysis of the components of the iron ore, and is suitable to be applied to the iron and steel industry and researches.