The invention discloses a temperature compensation structure based on array waveguide grating, the temperature compensation structure comprises an AWG chip arranged on a bottom plate and the AWG chip is cut into a left AWG chip located at the left side of the cutting seam and a right AWG chip located at the right side of the cutting seam. The structure is further provided with a secondary temperature compensation structure, the secondary temperature compensation structure is a structure with an included angle composed of a rotating rod and a temperature compensator by hinging. The hinged pointof the rotating rod and the temperature compensator is fixedly arranged on the left AWG chip or on a holder driving the left AWG chip to move relatively. The other end of the rotating rod and the other end of the temperature compensator are respectively and correspondingly connected to a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, which are arranged on the bottom of the plate or on the holder driving the left AWG chip to move relatively, so as to drive the left AWG chip to displace relative to the right AWG chip. The invention has a simple structure and convenient operation, and is suitable for industrial production. The structure can greatly improve the stability of the wavelength of the AWG chip, has relatively wide working temperature range, adapts to the requirements of WDM-PON,and does not need external power supply.