The invention discloses a short-time wind speed forecasting method based on a neural network. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) recording the moving average observing values of the wind speed, wind direction, temperature and air pressure on the same district once at the interval of 10 minutes, and ordering the observed data in a time sequence from front to back to obtain original wind speed data; (2) calculating the data of the adjacent time according to the time sequence, and generating an original wind speed added value sequence; (3) entering the original airspeed added value into a BP artificial neural network to construct a wind speed added value neural network model, calculating and counting an original wind speed added value tendency by utilizing the BP artificial neural network, training a RP artificial neural network by respectively utilizing the original wind speed added value and the original wind speed added value tendency as the original data, and obtaining a wind speed added value predicting value and a wind speed added value error tendency; (4) adding the wind speed added value predicting value into statistical noise to reduce and generate a wind speed predicting value; (5) carrying out moving filtering on the wind speed predicting value; and (6) obtaining the wind speed predicting value 4 hours in advance.