The invention discloses a template matching method based on neighbourhood context characteristic. Ergodic extraction is carried out on scene image by pixel point to obtain searching subgraph in the same area coverage with the template image, relevance of template with the searching subgraph meeting neighbourhood context restriction is calculated, the bigger the relevance is, the probability that the ergodic pixel points corresponding to the searching subgraph form to standard pick target pixel point of target point is higher. The key point of the invention is that restriction of neighbourhood context is utilized, relevance of the subgraph with the template is calculated at the position meeting neighbourhood context restriction in stead of all the positions. The restriction is added in target part detection, detection accuracy is improved, and the restriction removes many position points, thus detection speed is improved.