The invention relates to a screening method for near infrared spectrum wavelength and Raman spectrum wavelength. The method comprises that acquired near infrared spectrum or Raman spectrum and data of concentration of corresponding composition to be detected are divided into a training set, a check set and a prediction set; a PLS model is established by using original spectrum and the concentration of the composition to be detected to obtain a real PLS model coefficient; the concentration of the composition to be detected is ordered randomly and a great number of PLS models are established by using the vectors of the concentration of the composition to be detected and original spectrum matrices; according to the models, the times that a single model coefficient is larger than the real PLS model coefficient are respectively calculated to obtain a corresponding probability value; the wavelength that the probability value is less than a threshold value is reserved; an optimum model is established by using the reserved wavelength to predict the concentration of the composition to be detected of a sample in the prediction set. By adopting the method, the invention has the advantages that the wavelength containing spectral information can be accurately extracted, the quantitative analysis model is simplified, the prediction accuracy of the quantitative analysis model is improved and the new wavelength screening technique is provided for the multivariate calibration analysis of the near infrared spectrum and the Raman spectrum.