The invention discloses a special hanger for loading and unloading steel rails, aiming at overcoming the defects of increase of loading-unloading cost, low loading-unloading efficiency and unsafety caused by damage and scrap of steel ropes as the steel rope is buckled at two ends of a steel rail for lifting and unloading conveying in the prior art. In a vertical supporting frame, a floating support is provided with lifting lugs which are movably connected with the upper ends of two pull rods which are eudipleural, the lower ends of both pull rods are movably connected with two rotating tongues which are oppositely arranged, and the rotating tongues are respectively and oppositely supported on the supporting frame; the supporting frame and the rotating tongues are provided with a locking device which can enable two tongue tips of the rotating tongues to oppositely rest on the horizontal position when the lifting lugs are lifted and to rest on the vertical position when the two tongue tips are put down. As the supporting frame is provided with the locking device which can enable the tongue tips of both rotating tongues to oppositely rest on the horizontal position and the vertical position, the tongue tips of both rotating tongue tips can be hooked and unhooked at the lower edge of the rail surface of a steel rail, thereby the steel rail down can be lifted and put down. The special hanger for loading and unloading steel rails has the advantages of no need of steel rope buckles, high efficiency, no consumption of raw materials, low loading and unloading cost, simple operation and safe and reliable use.