The invention provides a quick transportation method in medium-diameter and long-distance tunnel shield construction. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) arranging a movable platform on a working well mouth to allow empty vehicles and loaded vehicles to pass mutually; (2) paving a monorail in a tunnel; (3) arranging a fixed turnout in the tunnel additionally according to the horizontal transportation time; and (4) transporting according to a transportation rule by using a plurality of transportation vehicles. By adopting the transportation method of the invention, the construction period can be shortened substantially on the premise of ensuring safety, and the transportation method has the obvious economic effect.