The invention discloses a brake shoe device and a braking device. The brake shoe device comprises a brake shoe, a brake shoe holder and a brake shoe key, wherein the brake shoe key is provided with a safety line. The brake shoe device and the braking device provided by the invention can effectively eliminate the potential hidden driving trouble brought by losing of the brake shoe key for a cargo vehicle; the dead weight of the brake shoe key can be reduced by about one fourth, and the consumption of the raw materials is reduced; and the train examination time can be effectively shortened and the transport efficiency can be improved.