The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering construction, in particular to an erecting, pushing and sliding method of a large-tonnage steel box beam. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, arranging flat steel gasket boxes at the top of each bridge pier to obtain a plane, mounting a driving pusher or a driven pusher and hydraulic jacks for lifting and falling the beam on the plane and moving the steel box beam into the bridge pier; then, starting the driving pusher to drive the steel box beam bodies to slide forwards, simultaneously lifting the hydraulic jacks for lifting and falling the beam to jack the steel box beam after a piston travel is finished, returning the driving pusher to an initial position and falling the hydraulic jacks; and repeating the piston travel to move the steel box beam in place. The method of the invention can be used to safely, rapidly, accurately and continuously realize the longitudinal in place of steel box beams and has controllable pushing and longitudinally moving speed without arranging an upper slideway or a lower slideway so as to save a great amount of rail devices and labor without occupying riverway space.