The invention relates to a measuring instrument of static friction coefficient of a communication pipeline. A testing rack is provided with a platform; a clamping device and a measuring head push-pull device are arranged on the platform oppositely; a static friction transmission device is connected with the measuring head push-pull device; and when a spring in the static friction transmission device is displaced to a certain position, and the measuring head push-pull device starts to move, a push-pull force gauge on the measuring head push-pull device measures the static friction of a tested piece, and further calculates the static friction coefficient of the tested piece. The invention also discloses a method for carrying out static friction coefficient test and carrying out magnitude tracing on the existing measuring instrument by adopting the static friction coefficient of the communication pipeline. In the invention, the integration level is high, the measurement is accurate, and the defect that the existing measuring instrument adopts the process of observing and measuring by naked eyes to judge a measured result subjectively. By utilizing the measuring instrument disclosed by the invention, the existing measuring instrument also can be calibrated, so that the accuracy of magnitude tracing of the existing measuring instrument is improved and further the quality of communication pipeline engineering is guaranteed.