The invention discloses a belt type pot seedling transplanting and separating machine which comprises a belt type conveying assembly, a spacing control assembly, an inclination control assembly, a traveling assembly, and a frame. The belt type conveying assembly comprises a frame, a supporting shaft, conveyers, and so on. Each conveyer comprises a conveying rack, a driving shaft, a driving gear, a gear, a driven gear, a driven shaft, and so on, wherein the driving gear is mounted at the rear end of the conveying rack through the driving shaft, and the driven gear is mounted at the front end of the conveying rack through the driven shaft. The spacing control system comprises connecting rods, connecting rod coupling elements, a slipper, a guide track, and so on, wherein the ends and the centers of the a plurality groups of the connecting rods and the connecting rod coupling elements with the same structure are hinged to form a telescopic mechanism, the guide track is fixed on the conveying rack, the slipper is matched with the sliding track, one ends of the connecting rods are hinged and fixed on the slipper, the other ends of the connecting rods are hinged and connected with the conveying rack through a connecting piece, and the telescopic movement of the telescopic mechanism drives the conveyers to slide along the driving shaft and the supporting shaft to realize spacing adjustment. The belt type pot seedling transplanting and separating machine can realize stepless control of plant spacing and row spacing of pot seedlings and short-distance batch conveying in the field, with high operating efficiency.