The invention provides a remote data transmission method, a device, and a system for high-speed trains. The method comprises the steps of acquiring failure data in train operation through HMI equipment; acquiring running state data of a train subsystem through an MVB network; acquiring present position information of the train; and sending the failure data, the running state data, and the present position information to a remote server. The invention also provides the remote data transmission device for high-speed trains, which comprises a failure data acquisition module, a state data acquisition module, a position information acquisition module, and a sending module, wherein the sending module sends the data acquired by the other modules to the remote server and remotely monitors the high-speed train state. The invention further provides the remote data transmission system for high-speed trains, which comprises the remote data transmission device for high-speed trains and a remote server. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the remote monitoring on the high-speed train state is realized, the failure can be quickly removed, and the failure repair efficiency is improved.