The invention discloses a tissue engineering fiber bundle structure body and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides a method A or B for preparing hydrogel fiber filaments containing cellular components. The method A comprises the following steps: 1) compositing a hydrogel material utilized as a matrix with cellular components to obtain a mixture containing cellular components; and 2) putting the mixture obtained in the step 1) into crosslinked fluid corresponding to the matrix to undergo crosslinking, thus obtaining the hydrogel fiber filaments containing cellular components. Experiments prove that the design can comprehensively meet the special bionic requirements of high-density cell composition, good vascularization development trend and achievement of directionally ordered structure in tissue engineering, so that the structure body is good in vascularization development prospect and can hopefully break through the development bottleneck that the tissue engineering can not become large and thick at present.