The invention discloses a method for smelting high-phosphorus steel by low-temperature low-silicon molten iron in a converter. The method comprises the following steps that: scrap steel is added into the converter; active lime is added in the converter for the first time, and an oxygen lance, the position of which is lower than the normal position for 10-20 centimeters, blows oxygen; after the oxygen blowing is performed for 50-60 seconds, dolomite is added into the converter at one time; when the oxygen blowing is performed for 90-110 seconds, the oxygen lance is lifted to the normal oxygen blowing position, and active lime is added into the converter again; and tapping is carried out. The method fully utilizes the conditions of the low-temperature low-silicon molten iron in reducing a phosphorus removal rate to smelt the high-phosphorus steel, the phosphorus removal rate can be reduced to 40%-50% from the above 85% of the current conventional smelting, and thus the phosphorus content of the smelting at the end point is effectively improved; the lime addition amount is reduced to be not over 25Kg/ton of steel from 40Kg-60Kg/ton of steel, and the usage amount of phosphorus alloy can also be reduced; the waste residue discharge can be reduced; and moreover, a fluorite slagging agent is not used, and thus the environmental burden can be relieved.