The invention discloses a miniature multi-rotor aircraft capable of taking off from and landing on water and land and being self-charged in the technical field of small-size aircrafts. An inflating module, a charging module and a release module are installed on the miniature multi-rotor aircraft, wherein the inflating module is installed on a landing gear at the bottom of the multi-rotor aircraft and consists of a gas generator, miniature electronic valves, gas transmission pipes and airbags which are installed on landing gear bottom rods; the charging module consists of miniature solar energy receiving panels arranged on the surface of the rack of the aircraft, an energy management and a battery; and the release module is connected with the landing gear bottom rods and the airbags. The miniature multi-rotor aircraft capable of taking off from and landing on water and land and being self-charged has the characteristics of light weight and small resistance during flying in air and high stability of landing in water, can be widely used for image pickup, environmental detection, field rescue and the like in spaces above water surfaces, and has a wide prospect.