The invention discloses a reinforcement method and a reinforcement structure for treating railway soft soil roadbed settlement overweight before operation. The reinforcement structure mainly consists of five parts, namely a main bearing structure system, a reinforced cushion layer structure system, a foundation bed drainage system, a settlement observation system and a reserved grouting system. The technical problems that the existing roadbed is greatly damaged, the construction period is long, the construction property is low, the quality is difficult to control and the problem that the soft soil roadbed settlement overweight is caused in the conventional technical scheme are effectively solved.