The invention discloses a fully-automatic loading device for a pole plate coating of a lithium battery and an adjustment method thereof. According to the device, a two-position five-way pneumatic reversing valve controlled by a computer acts to supply air to a double-rod cylinder so as to push a guide rail slide block to extend out quickly, and then a device at the upper part of the guide rail slide block is driven to be in place quickly; after a scraper blade in the loading device approaches a material carrying roller, the computer sends out a signal, and a linear guide rail motor drives an upper mechanism to be closer to the material carrying roller through slow movement; and the computer sends out an instruction to drive an angle adjusting motor, a loaded material coating mechanism is subjected to minor adjustment according to the difference of gaps between the scraper blade and the left and right ends of the material carrying roller, and finally, the gaps between the left and right ends of a scraper and the material carrying roller are even, parallel and level. With the adoption of the device and the adjustment method, disclosed by the invention, the minor movement of a linear guide rail and minor angle adjustment of the scraper blade of a handpiece loading machine of a handpiece coating mechanism can be subjected to timely discovery and timely adjustment in a manner that instructions are sent out by personnel in a winding position by using the computer, and then, various quality problems occurring during coating are solved timely and effectively.