The invention discloses an electrical transmission control system of a dry quenching elevator. The electrical transmission control system comprises a programmable logic controller (PLC) system, a control unit, a rectification module, a motor control system, an incremental encoder, an encoder adaption module and an inversion module, wherein the PLC system is connected with the control unit and used for controlling a rotating speed of a variable-frequency motor; the control unit is used for controlling cable communication between the rectification module and the inversion module; the incremental encoder is coaxially connected with the variable-frequency motor and used for collecting a pulse signal of the encoder through the encoder adaption module; and the inversion module is used for calculating a real rotating speed of the variable-frequency motor through a calculated and feedback pulse count so as to realize the closed-loop control of the speed. Due to the adoption of the electrical transmission control system, the control precision can be improved, energy conservation can be favored, an electrical layout space can be saved, control reliability and interference resistance of a control signal can be improved, and safety and reliability in running of the system can be guaranteed.