The invention belongs to the field of means of transport and discloses a high-precision speed-regulating front and rear self-balance one-wheel scooter. The scooter comprises a wheel, a hub motor, a pedal, a bracket, a telescopic connecting rod, a speed-regulating rotating handle, a driving module and a power module and also comprises a control module, a high-precision speed measurement module and an attitude measurement module. The speed of the one-wheel scooter is adjusted by rotating a right handle, the balance in the left-right direction is controlled by means of the human balancing capacity, and the balance control and the speed control in the front-rear direction are realized by driving the hub motor through the driving module according to comprehensive control amount obtained by superposing the attitude balance control amount and speed control amount. According to the speed measurement module, as a coaxial gear and a acceleration gear are additionally arranged, the speed measurement precision is greatly improved, the problem that the measurement precision of speed and position information is difficultly met when the scooter runs at a low speed is solved, and the high-precision front-rear direction attitude self-balance control and the front-rear direction speed control of the one-wheel scooter are realized.