The invention discloses a system for determining a sliding friction coefficient of a solid material for a laboratory, and relates to a friction coefficient determination system. The system aims to solve the problems that an existing experiment friction coefficient determination system is complicated in structure, various precise components are needed, and the section of a test piece is required to be circular, and sample preparation is limited. A light-gas gun driving system is arranged on a supporting seat at the right end; a second damping tube, a first damping tube and a friction force test tube are sequentially arranged on a plurality of supporting seats from left to right; a pressure ring is arranged at the right end of the friction force test tube; a gap is reserved between the pressure ring and the light-gas gun driving system; the pressure ring and the light-gas gun driving system are coaxially arranged; a test block is arranged in the pressure ring; a first-stage speed-measuring assembly is arranged at the left end of the light-gas gun driving system; a second-stage speed-measuring assembly is arranged outside the friction force test tube; a spring and an aluminum column are sequentially arranged in the second damping tube from left to right; a polycarbonate column is arranged in the first damping tube. The system is used for determining a friction coefficient.