The invention relates to the field of aluminum matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a waste material recovery and treatment method of a particle reinforcement aluminum matrix composite material. The recovery method comprises the following steps of pretreating the waste particle reinforcement aluminum matrix composite material, preparing mixed salt, smelting, separating, casting, condensing and the like. The treatment method is mainly characterized in that fused mixed salt and waste material melt of the particle reinforcement aluminum matrix composite material are adopted for direct reaction, and the fused mixed salt consists of boron anhydrous, mixed chloride salt and villiaumite according to a certain proportion. At low smelting temperature, reinforcement particles and metal base body interfaces generate a moistening-off phenomenon, and additionally, the fused mixed salt has high slagging-off property and refining capability, so that reinforcement particles are separated from metal base bodies. According to the invention, during the smelting reaction process, argon is adopted for protecting, and the burning loss of valuable metal is reduced effectively.