The invention provides a sterilization treatment process of oil recovery re-injection water. The sterilization treatment process is implemented through the course of adding and using two types of oxidized form bactericides in a matching mode, and can be used for treating oilfield tertiary polymer driven oil recovery re-injection water. Through the implementation of the process, sulfate reducing bacteria and other fungi in water can be quickly and efficiently killed, the fungus breeding can be effectively inhibited, and the concentration of harmful bacteria in the water can be maintained in an index control range for a long time. Moreover, while bacteria and algae are controlled through a synergistic effect, the corrosion of oxidized form drugs to oil recovery equipment and pipelines is avoided, and about two third of the cost of the drugs is saved. The product water after treatment meets water quality requirements of re-injection water, so that the water use efficiency of an oilfield is greatly improved, and the aims of water saving and emission reduction are achieved.