The invention discloses a prefabricated asphalt concrete steel bridge deck pavement structure. The prefabricated asphalt concrete steel bridge deck pavement structure is characterized in that the structure comprises an anti-corrosion layer painted on a steel bridge deck, a waterproof layer painted on the anti-corrosion layer, a first bonding layer sprayed on the waterproof layer, an asphalt concrete lower surface layer laid on the first bonding layer, a second bonding layer sprayed on the asphalt concrete lower surface layer and a prefabricated asphalt concrete upper surface layer laid on the second bonding layer. Prefabricated and prehensile asphalt concrete is used as a main pavement layer, the concrete is made to have good deformation compliance, so that cracks are avoided, and the prefabricated asphalt concrete steel bridge deck pavement structure has good rutting resistance and waterproof performance.