The invention discloses a precisely positioned coal mining machine and a positioning method of the precisely positioned coal mining machine. The coal mining machine comprises a coal mining machine body (1), a wireless positioning detection device (3), a controller (4) and an encoding sensing device (2), wherein one end of a connecting rod (8) is arranged at the central position of a drive shaft (9), one end of a drive rod (13) is clamped at the other end of the connecting rod, the other end of the drive rod passes through a cover plate (10), the encoding sensing device is arranged at a part of the drive rod exposed to the cover plate, and the encoding sensing device is electrically connected with the controller. The positioning method comprises the following steps that a wireless positioning feedback device (5) sends a bracket number n and an offset distance deltax to the wireless positioning detection device; the encoding sensing device transmits acquired displacement parameters to the controller; and the controller receives all data information, and finally calculates the precise position of the coal mining machine. The precisely positioned coal mining machine and the positioning method of the coal mining machine disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that the positioning of the coal mining machine is more accurate and small in errors, and the misoperation probability of a hydraulic bracket is reduced.