The invention relates to a variable configuration disc capsule structure and a design method thereof, in particular to a variable diameter coordinated synchronous winding type variable configuration disc capsule structure and a design method thereof. The problem that an existing airship capsule structure is disorderly unfolded in the lift-off period, and is inconveniently rotated back into an airship room after being folded and landing. A top connecting structure having the sealing performance is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of a pressure resistance capsule body, a central cylinder is vertically arranged in the pressure resistance capsule body, the upper end of the central cylinder is connected with the top connecting structure having the sealing performance, the lower end of the central cylinder is connected with a bottom connecting structure having the sealing performance, a symmetrical variable diameter winding central shaft is vertically arranged in the central cylinder, the upper end of the symmetrical variable diameter winding central shaft is connected with a rotating shaft of a top driving motor, and the lower end of the symmetrical variable diameter winding central shaft is connected a bottom driving motor. The variable diameter coordinated synchronous winding type variable configuration disc capsule structure is used in the field of aerospace aerostats.