The invention discloses a short-circuit fault current limiter and relates to a short-circuit fault current limiter for a transmission and distribution power grid. The short-circuit fault current limiter is composed of a first electric reactor, a second electric reactor, a double-splitting electric reactor, a capacitor and a switch, wherein a first winding of the double-splitting electric reactor is connected with a second winding in parallel after being connected with the switch in series and then is connected with the capacitor in parallel, a parallel circuit is connected with the second electric reactor in series, and the whole series-parallel circuit and the first electric reactor are connected in parallel to form the short-circuit fault current limiter. According to the short-circuit fault current limiter, through the cooperation between the double-splitting electric reactor and the switch, impedance change and rapid short circuit of the capacitor are achieved during current limiting, the electric reactors are put into use fast, overcurrent impact and overvoltage impact when the double-splitting electric reactor cooperates with the switch are relieved through the parallel connection of the first electric reactor, and the operating reliability and the current limiting capacity of the limiter are improved.