The invention discloses a method for debugging the flatness of components of back plates of modules on the basis of feature dies. The method includes steps of 1), determining the types of flatness defects such as warping and bulging and defect distribution regions of the components of the metal back plates; 2), designing and developing flatness feature debugging dies, and arranging reinforcing ribs on working faces of the debugging dies; 3), mounting the feature debugging dies on pressing machines and adjusting the flatness of the components of the metal back plates by the aid of drawing, cutting, squeezing or patting forming processes; 4), measuring and analyzing flatness dimensions of the components of the metal back plates, and processing the components of the metal back plates according to the steps 2) and 3) again if the components of the metal back plates have the defects until the flatness of the components of the metal back plates meets requirements. The flatness defects are generated in production procedures of the components of the metal back plates. The reinforcing ribs correspond to the flatness defect regions and are in different shapes. The method has the advantages that the flatness defects of the components of the back plates of the modules are adjusted by the aid of offline stamping equipment and the feature dies, linkage debugging work on continuous production lines can be reduced or replaced by the method, and accordingly the work efficiency can be improved.