The invention discloses a machine tool static rigidity testing device and method for simulating the real cutting working condition. The machine tool static rigidity testing device comprises cutting process simulation equipment used for simulating the actual cutting working condition, cutting force check equipment connected with the cutting process simulation equipment, and displacement detection equipment used for detecting the displacement of the measuring points of a whole machine and various components. The cutting force check equipment and the displacement detection equipment are respectively connected with a computer terminal for processing and displaying data. Firstly, the testing device is installed, the three-direction force is calculated through the actual cutting working condition, the cutting working condition is simulated by applying the three-direction force on a simulation tool bit, the applied three-direction force is checked through the cutting force check equipment, the displacement of the measuring points of the various components is measured through the displacement detection equipment, and the rigidity of each component of the machine tool and the rigidity of the whole machine tool are calculated out. The cutting force of the machine tool is simulated under the working state of the machine tool, the rigidity of the whole machine tool and the components is measured, and therefore the low-rigidity links of the components of the machine tool are found, and the device and method have important significance on designing the whole machine tool and improving the rigidity of the whole machine tool.