The invention discloses a sintering annular cooler cooling process monitoring system and a control method, which are used for realizing the automatic control on ore cooling and saving energy sources. A cooling system comprises an annular cooler (1), a DCS (distributed control system) (2), cold air blast blowers (3), smoke discharge pipelines (4) and temperature measuring devices (5), wherein the bottom of each section of the annular cooler (1) is connected with one cold air blast blower (3) through an air inlet door (6), the temperature measuring devices (5) are respectively arranged on sealing smoke hoods of each section of the annular cooler (1) and are used for measuring the temperature of ore on different sections in the annular cooler in real time, the temperature measuring devices (5) are respectively arranged on the smoke discharge pipelines (4) connected with the first section and the second section of the annular cooler (1), and the DCS (2) is respectively connected with each temperature measuring device (5) and each air inlet door (6).