The invention discloses a high-precision and short-period real-time communication procedure based on a chain industrial Ethernet and belongs to the technical field of communication. The communication procedure includes the following steps that firstly, during a configuration of a master station device, the end-to-end delay Dms between the master station device and all slave station devices is measured and stored, and meanwhile the residence time Tt of a communication frame on all the slave station devices is measured and determined; secondly, during configuration of the master station device, a master station obtains the time Tscomp for time synchronization completion and the cycle time T for communication through calculation; thirdly, the master station sends a synchronous lumped frame to slave stations, and cycle communication is started; fourthly, after the time synchronization completion and the time interval Trest, the main station device starts to send a point-to-point communication command frame based on time slice planning; fifthly, after the master station device sends the communication command frame to all the slave stations and receives response frames of all the slave stations, and after waiting for a certain time, the main station device enters next communication. According to the high-precision and short-period real-time communication procedure based on the chain industrial Ethernet, the communication cycle is greatly shorted through communication planning, and the real-time performance of networked communication is ensured.