The invention discloses a rail exchanging work vehicle for railway, wherein a power system, a shed and a cab are mounted on the frame, an operation platform and a vehicle control and video monitoring system are formed on the cab; the engine offers the power for the whole vehicle, the operation platform and video monitoring system are used for the walking operation and monitoring operation for the vehicle; a first steering shelf and a second steering shelf respectively composed of a steering shelf truck frame, wheel pair, vehicle shaft gearbox and hydraulic motor; the first steering shelf is mounted on front end frame at the bottom of the frame while the second steering shelf is mounted on rear end frame at the bottom of the frame, the rail protector is mounted on the second steering shelf, the rail protector is used for preventing the steering shelf away from falling from the orbit; a new rail clamp and an old rail clamp are mounted behind the first steering shelf, a rail distance keeping clamp is mounted at two sides of the bottom of the frame; a new rail in car and an old rail out car are hanged at the front end of the bottom of the frame.