The invention discloses a tunnel lighting regulation and control system and method. The system comprises a plurality of sets of sensing devices, a monitoring device, a main control device and a control device. The sensing devices are matched with the monitoring device for use, so that the control device conducts bright and dark classified regulation and control on lighting lamps of different regions in a tunnel according to the actual vehicle passing information, that is, the brightness of the lighting lamps in the region where a vehicle is located and in the next adjacent region where the vehicle is going to enter is brightened, enough illumination in the running region of the vehicle is guaranteed, and the driving safety is guaranteed; meanwhile, the brightness of the lighting lamps in the regions where the vehicle has passed is darkened, so that the lighting lamps can take a rest appropriately when no vehicle passes through, long-time ongoing high-power illumination is avoided, the service life of the lighting lamps can be prolonged, the replacement frequency is reduced, and the replacement cost and maintenance time cost are saved; the operation energy consumption and maintenance cost of the tunnel are lowered in whole; the regulation and control method is easy to operate, flexible and precise to control and obvious in practical application advantage.