The invention discloses a braking system for an electric wheel mining dump vehicle. A braking pedal in a hydraulic braking system is a swinging structure and a working area of the braking pedal comprises swinging from an initial state which is served as a zero-degree starting point to alpha 2 degrees; when the braking pedal is in a range from alpha 2 to alpha 3, a front axle braking valve core and a rear axle braking valve core inside a hydraulic braking valve of the hydraulic braking system move to a P opening after being stressed by the braking pedal and meanwhile are communicated with a rear axle brake opening A1 and a front axle brake opening A2 to perform hydraulic braking; an electric retarder braking system comprises an angular sensor which is used for measuring the swinging angles of the braking pedal; an electric control system recognizes and judges the swinging angles; the electric control system controls the electric retarder braking system to perform electric retarder braking when the braking pedal swings within a range from the starting point to the alpha 2 degrees in a mode of being reverse to a clock. The braking system for the electric wheel mining dump vehicle has the advantages of reducing the labor intensity of drivers, prolonging the service life of a braking clamp and a braking disc, improving the working efficiency and the safety of a mine car, reducing utilization costs and enhancing the market competitiveness of products.