The invention relates to a rail replacement operating vehicle. The rail replacement operating vehicle is characterized in that a front bogie and a rear bogie are arranged at the two ends of a frame of the rail replacement operating vehicle, an operating device is arranged in a cab at the front end on the frame, a power system and a rail replacement operating device are installed on the frame, and a rail lifter, a new rail clamp and a rail gauge keeping clamp are installed at the bottom of the frame; the rail replacement operating device consisting of a rotary supporting device, a cantilever supporting seat, a variable-amplitude hydraulic oil cylinder, a pin shaft, a cantilever assembly, a guide rail support, a single-rail trolley, rail lifting hydraulic oil cylinders, a second rail lifting clamp, a diagonal supporting beam and a rail replacement clamp is installed on the frame; the cantilever supporting seat is fixedly installed on a toothed disc shaped upper supporting seat through third bolts to form the rotary supporting device; the cantilever assembly is hinged to the cantilever supporting seat through the pin shaft, and the cantilever assembly can rotate around the pin shaft on the rotary supporting device under the effect of the variable-amplitude hydraulic oil cylinder; the rotary supporting device realizes the rotary function of the rail replacement operating device under the drive of the driving device.