The invention relates to a peripheral blood microRNA molecular marker and an application thereof in diagnosis and prognosis detection of schizophrenia, wherein the marker is has-miR-132. Researches show that the expression quantity of the miR-132 in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell is lower than that of a normal person, and so the miR-132 can be used as a biological marker for diagnosis and prognosis detection of the schizophrenia. The invention also provides a detection method of the peripheral blood miR-132. By measuring the content of the peripheral blood miR-132 of a patient, diagnosis and identification on a prognosis effect of the schizophrenia can be rapidly and accurately realized. The peripheral blood microRNA molecular marker has the advantages of high accuracy, simpleness in method, low cost and the like.