The invention belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle braking. The magnetic rail braking device is connected with a rail vehicle and arranged on a bogie of the rail vehicle. The magnetic rail braking device comprises an electromagnet, a pole shoe, a hanging mechanism and a guiding and bearing part, wherein the electromagnet comprises an iron core with a formed whole body and an electromagnetic coil, a protective cover and a junction box which are installed on the iron core, the pole shoe is connected with the electromagnet, arranged between the electromagnet and the rail and makes contact with a rail to generate friction braking force when the pole shoe is located at a braking position, a magnetic rail braking unit composed of the electromagnet and the pole shoe is hung on the rail vehicle by the hanging mechanism, the guiding and bearing part is used for guiding the magnetic rail braking unit to move between a non-braking position and the braking position and transferring the braking force generated by the pole shoe when the pole shoe is located at the braking position to the rail vehicle. According to the magnetic rail braking device, the whole iron core and the rigid pole shoe are used, and the pole shoe and the thickness of a block board are optimized reasonably; the magnetic rail braking device has the advantages that the structure is simple, the electromagnetic loss is less, and the cost is lower and the like.