The invention discloses a carton cigarette packet missing detection device based on a machine vision technology. The carton cigarette packet missing detection device based on the machine vision technology is used for detecting possibly missed packets in a carton cigarette packaging process. On a cigarette packet supplementing station, photos of stacked cigarette packets (wherein every two cigarette packets are vertically stacked) are taken, graying, horizontal and vertical projection, filtering processing and cigarette packet locating are conducted on images, and then whether a cigarette packet is missed or not among the stacked cigarette packets is judged. Five continuous cigarette packet piles are detected so that whether a cigarette packet is missed in a corresponding carton of cigarette can be judged. The carton cigarette packet missing detection device is mainly composed of a control module, a camera module and a display module. A computer module meeting the COM Express standard and a special interface control module are arranged in the control module. A CMOS industrial camera, a board-level optical lens and two strip-shaped LED light sources are arranged in the camera module. An LVDS liquid crystal display screen, a resistor type touch screen and a touch screen controller are arranged in the display module.