The invention discloses a structure for enhancing the strength of a centrifugal self-propagating ceramic-lined composite steel pipe. The structure comprises a steel pipe. Grooves are formed in the inner surface of the steel pipe, and an Al<2>O<3> ceramic lining which is formed by means of self-propagating reaction is lined in the inner surface of the steel pipe; the grooves which are formed in the inner surface of the steel pipe are combinations of spiral grooves and rectangular straight slots and comprise the 4-8 rectangular straight slots and the spiral grooves, the rectangular straight slots are formed in the circumference of the steel pipe, and the spiral grooves are formed in positions along the direction of the center line of the steel pipe and have left-handed or right-handed rotation directions. The structure has the advantages that the structure is reasonable, the grooves are formed in the inner surface of the steel pipe, accordingly, the contact areas of ceramic coatings and a matrix can be enlarged, and the compressive and shear strength of the ceramic coatings of the traditional centrifugal self-propagating ceramic-lined composite steel pipe can be improved; ceramic coating portions deeply extend into the grooves, so that excellent impact-resistant effects can be realized by the ceramic-lined composite steel pipe, and the coatings can be effectively prevented from falling off from the matrix.