The invention discloses a preparation method of a flexible super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic structure. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) manufacturing a bottom layer of the flexible super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic structure: rotatably coating a layer of negative photoresist on a substrate and carrying out exposure without using a mask; (2) rotatably coating a layer of negative photoresist on the negative photoresist after exposure of the step (1), and carrying out exposure by utilizing an array graphic mask; (3) carrying out second-time exposure on the photoresist of a structural layer: adopting the mask corresponding to the step (2) to carry out etching exposure; (4) developing: carrying out development on the structure after exposure in the step; (5) plating a protective layer film: forming a layer of protective film on the surface of the structure obtained in the step (4); (6) peeling: peeling the structure obtained after treatment of the step (5) from the substrate and obtaining the flexible super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic structure. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process and low in cost, and has great promotion action for popularization and application of the flexible super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic structure.