The invention discloses a method for determining material composition for asphalt pavement interlayer treatment measures. The method comprises the following steps: test-piece molding step: after test-pieces to be measured undergo thermal insulation for 5-6 h, the test-pieces are put into a shear test mold, and angle of the shear test mold is selected according to ratio of vertical load to horizontal load; after the test-pieces continuously undergo thermal insulation for 30 min, the shear test mold containing the test-pieces is put into a shear test machine for a shear measuring test; the maximum force sensed by a sensor in the shear test machine and the maximum displacement value when the maximum force is reached are recorded, and shear strength is calculated according to shear angle and shear area; the calculated shear strength is recorded into a table; and after all the test-pieces are measured and shear strength of all the test-pieces is recorded, the maximum shear strength is selected from the table. Cementing agent spraying amount, ballast grain sizes and ballast greval corresponding to the maximum shear strength are the determined material composition for asphalt pavement interlayer treatment measures.