The invention discloses a high-efficiency single-side reciprocating continuous-coating magnetron sputtering winding coating machine, belonging to the field of vacuum coating facilities. The coating machine comprises a vacuum chamber, a decoiling mechanism, a coiling mechanism, a cooling roll arranged in the vacuum chamber, correcting devices, two or more revolution target change devices, and cathode chambers which are correspondingly to the positions of the revolution target change devices and have openings on top and bottom, wherein one correcting device is respectively arranged between the decoiling mechanism and reversing rolls and between the coiling mechanism and reversing rolls; the cathode chambers are distributed on the circumferential surface of the baseband-coated cooling roll; a pole target seat board rotates to below the corresponding cathode chamber and extends outward, so that the target core is inserted into the cathode chamber; and the decoiling mechanism and coiling mechanism drive the baseband to reciprocate. The coating machine can implement target cathode replacement in time under the condition of not opening the coating vacuum chamber, and implement the coating of multiple films by utilizing the reciprocation of the substrate, thereby greatly enhancing the multilayer functional film coating efficiency of the coating machine. The coating machine has the advantages of compact structure and small occupied space.