The invention relates to a method for extracting vanadium and chromium through a top-bottom combined blowing converter, and belongs to the field of iron and steel smelting. The method for extracting the vanadium and chromium through the top-bottom combined blowing converter comprises the following steps: mixing molten vanadium, chromium and iron into the converter; top-blowing mixed gas consisting of O2 and CO2 into the molten vanadium, chromium and iron; meanwhile performing bottom blowing with air and N2 alternately; adding a coolant in the top-bottom combined blowing process to control the temperature of the molten vanadium, chromium and iron to be 1,320-1,390 DEG C to obtain vanadium and chromium slag and half steel, wherein the mixed gas is blown by using an oxygen gun, 20-40 percent of coolant is added after then oxygen gun is descended in place and ignition is successful, blowing is performed for 1-2.5 min and then 30-50 percent of coolant is added, and the remaining coolant is added at least 2 min before the blowing is stopped. Higher vanadium oxidation rate can be guaranteed, meanwhile the difficulty of low carbon chromium conversion temperature is overcome, the oxidation rate of the chromium is guaranteed, and comprehensive utilization of the resource is facilitated.