The invention relates to an electrode material with a multistage aperture distribution structure and preparation and application thereof, the electrode material comprises basic structural units which are connected through carbon skeleton, the carbon skeleton is prepared by carbonization of a carbon-containing organic matter as a binder, the electrode material particle diameter is 0.2-20um, and the basic structure unit includes a granule material, a one-dimensional linear material and a graphene sheet material. In the electrode material, smaller size pores are built by gaps among the structural units, and larger size pores are built by larger gaps among larger size electrode material particles, so that the target of double pore size distribution of the material can be realized, and the function of the electrode material in the battery application can be greatly expanded. The electrode material is used in lithium-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium thionyl chloride battery positive electrodes, reactant mass transfer in electrodes can be effectively improved, and the battery charge discharge capacity can be improved.