The invention provides an electric system self-adaption super capacitor and storage battery hybrid energy storage system with wide adaptability. The electric system self-adaption super capacitor and storage battery hybrid energy storage system comprises a probability index main control unit and a set of probability index algorithms, wherein the probability index main control unit is used for detecting the external environment of an electric system and managing a super capacitor and a storage battery to perform proportional charging and external discharging according to internal state dynamic conditions, the probability index main control unit is electrically connected with a super capacitor unit and a storage battery unit, and the probability index algorithms are used for achieving the system self-adaption adjustment and the low-communication dependence active management. The electric system self-adaption super capacitor and storage battery hybrid energy storage system can perform self-adaption adjustment on charge-discharge mechanism of the super capacitor and the storage battery for day fluctuation characteristics of the located electric system, the service life of the super capacitor and the storage battery can be prolonged while the optimal working performance is achieved, the system achieves high expendability and reliability, the self-adjustment can be performed after the located power grid environment changes, and human intervention is not needed.