A device for calibration of metal rockwell hardness tester indentation depth measurement systems includes a base, one end of the base is vertically provided with a left end plate, the left end plate is provided with a linear guide rail, the linear guide rail is internally provided with a slide block on a mobile plate, the slide block is arranged on the mobile board, and the mobile board is also provided with a drive system for making the mobile plate move up and down; the base is further provided with a displacement sensor, a display value of the metal rockwell hardness tester indentation depth measurement systems is compared, and thus the metal rockwell hardness tester indentation depth measurement systems are calibrated. The device has the advantages of compact structure and smaller specification and dimension, and can be widely applied in calibration of all kinds of the rockwell hardness tester measurement systems with different specifications; the displacement sensor is located on a same axis as the principal shaft of a hardness tester, the working principle of a rockwell hardness tester can be completely simulated, the abbe principle is met, and the synchronicity of the displacement quantity of the displacement sensor and the hardness tester is ensured; and the accuracy of the device is 0.2 [mu]m.