The invention relates to a brake caliper structure for an automobile. The structure comprises a caliper installation support, a friction block and a caliper. The structure is characterized in that the two ends of the caliper installation support are each provided with an arc groove and a matched step, the arc grooves and the matched steps are opposite and symmetric, the matched steps are located on the arc grooves, and the lower portions of the arc grooves are inclined faces; the two ends of the friction block are provided with arc protrusions and limiting steps, the arc protrusions and the limiting steps are arranged back to back and symmetric, and the limiting steps are located on the arc protrusions; a through hole is formed in the center of the arc protrusion at the right end of the friction block, and a positioning groove is formed in the edge of the through hole; a torsion spring is disposed in the through hole in the right end of the friction block, one end of the torsion spring is clamped in the positioning groove, and the other end of the torsion spring abuts against the inclined face on the caliper installation support; the arc protrusions at the two ends of the friction block are attached to the arc grooves in the two ends of the caliper installation support respectively under the action of torsion force of the torsion spring. The brake caliper structure can meet the requirement of accurately positioning the friction block, can prevent the friction block from vibrating and prevents vibrating noise, and can reduce abrasion of the friction block.