The invention discloses an aircraft docking guidance and type recognition system and a method. The method is applied to an aircraft docking guidance and type recognition system which comprises a machine vision subsystem, a laser scanning subsystem and a fusion module. The method comprises steps: 1000, the machine vision subsystem acquires an image via an image photographing mode, and a first aircraft front wheel position is obtained through calculation; 2000, the laser scanning subsystem acquires an aircraft nose position via a laser scanning mode, and a second aircraft front wheel position is calculated and obtained; and according to the first aircraft front wheel position and the second aircraft front wheel position, fusion is carried out according to a fusion rule, and an aircraft front wheel deviation condition is obtained.