The invention provides a method for network reconstruction double-layer optimization based on a node importance evaluation matrix and relates to a power supply network reconstruction method. At present, the weighted network node importance assessment result is too one-sided. The method comprises the steps of inputting an initial parameter of a particle swarm optimization; according to each particle, calling a double layer optimization model, wherein solving an upper layer optimization model to obtain a starting moment of a machine set and working out an available generating capacity of a system, solving a lower layer model to obtain a recovery path of a generator node, and thus obtaining a target function value of each particle; calculating the fitness of each particle according to the target function value; updating locations and speeds of the particles to obtain new particles; repeating the steps until the particle swarm reproductive generation number Mc is reached; selecting optimal particles, causing the solution to the upper layer optimization model corresponding to the optimal particles to be the optimal machine set starting time, and causing the solution to the lower layer model to be the recovery path. According to the technical scheme, the assessment of the node importance is more comprehensive, and the problem that the machine set delays the recovery is solved effectively.